Diabetes Mellitus: A Fundamental and Clinical Text
3rd Edition

Contributors
E. Dale Abel MD, PhD
Program in Human Molecular Biology and Genetics, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
Domenico Accili MD
Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY
Lydia Aguilar-Bryan MD, PhD
Assistant Professor
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
Faiyaz Ahmad PhD
Section on Biochemical Physiology, Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
Rodolfo Alejandro MD
Professor of Medicine
Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
Katrine Almind PhD
Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
Ashish Aneja MD
Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate, UHB & Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
Livia S.A. Augustin MSc
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Joseph Avruch MD
Physician and Chief
Diabetes Unit Massachusetts General Hospital; Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
Jennifer M. Barker MD
Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver, CO
Patricia Barlow RN
Senior Clinical Research Associate
Strelitz Diabetes Research Institutes, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
Andrew Becker
Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
Henning Beck-Nielsen MD
Chief Physician
Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital; Professor, Clinic Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Christine Beebe MS, RD, LD, CDE
Adjunct Professor
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL
Thomas A. Belanger MD
Miller Orthopaedic Clinic, Charlotte, NC
Graeme I. Bell PhD
Professor
Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
Guenther Boden MD
Director
Division of Endocrinology/Diabetes/Metabolism, Temple University Hospital; Professor of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
Clifton Bogardus MD
Chief
PECRB, Clinical Diabetes and Nutrition Section, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
Susan Bonner-Weir PhD
Section on Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
Anne Brenneman MA
Research Associate
Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, MD
Stuart J. Brink MD
Senior Endocrinologist
New England Diabetes and Endocrinology Center (NEDEC), Waltham, MA; Associate Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
Michael Brownlee MD
Anita and Jack Saltz Professor of Diabetes Research
Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
Joseph Bryan PhD
Professor
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
Thomas A. Buchanan MD
Professor of Medicine
Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Physiology and Biophysics, USC Keck School of Medicine; Attending Physician, LAC and USC Medical Center, General Hospital, Los Angeles, CA
Mark R. Burge MD
Associate Professor
Department of Medicine/Endocrinology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM
Jose F. Caro MD
Vice President
Endocrine Research and Clinical Investigation, Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN
Annette M. Chang MD
Lecturer
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
Aruna Chelliah MD
Fellow
Department of Medicine/ Endocrinology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
Alan D. Cherrington PhD
Professor
Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
Anthony T. Cheung PhD
President
enGene, Inc., Vancouver, BC
Emily Y. Chew MD
Deputy Director
Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
Young-Hun Choi PhD
Section on Biochemical Physiology, Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
Richard J. Comi MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Dartmouth Medical School; Section Chief, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
Philip E. Cryer MD
Professor of Endocrinology and Metabolism
Washington University School of Medicine; Physician, Department of Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO
Michael P. Czech PhD
Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
Dana Dabelea MD, PhD
Assistant Professor
Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO
Mayer B. Davidson MD
Professor of Medicine
UCLA School of Medicine; Director, Clinical Trials Unit, Charles R. Drew University, Los Angeles, CA
Eva Degerman MD, PhD
Section for Molecular Signaling, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
George Dimitriadis MD, DPhil
Associate Professor of Medicine
Athens University Medical School; Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Evangelismos Hospital, Agia Paraskevi, Greece
Li Ding PhD
Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
Boris Draznin MD, PhD
Research Service
Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO
Søren M. Echwald PhD
Steno Diabetes Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
Steven V. Edelman MD
Staff Physician
Diabetes/Endocrine Section, Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System; Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA
Shimon Efrat PhD
Associate Professor
Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
George S. Eisenbarth MD, PhD
Executive Director
Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO
F. El-Atat MD
Clinical Assistant Instructor of Medicine
SUNY–Downstate; Fellow, County Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
Sanford E. Emery MD, MBA
Professor and Chairman
Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV
Elizabeth D. Ennis MD, FACP
Program Director
Internal Medicine and Transitional Year Residency Programs, Baptist Health System, Birmingham, AL
James L. Erwin
Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
Garret J. Etgen PhD
Head, Endocrine Research
Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
Stefan S. Fajans MD
Professor Emeritus
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI
Robert V. Farese MD
Research Service
J.A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL
Ele Ferrannini MD
Professor of Medicine
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Paul J. Flakoll PhD
Director
Center for Designing Foods to Improve Nutrition; Professor, Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
James E. Foley PhD
Global Clinical Research and Medical Affairs
Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, East Hanover, NJ
Barry M. Forman MD, PhD
Associate Professor
Division of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA
Sarah F. Fowler PhD
Research Professor
Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Bethesda, MD
Jian Fu
Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL
Alan J. Garber MD, PhD
Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
Sanford Garfield PhD
Senior Advisor, Biometry and Behavioral Research
National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
Saul Genuth MD
Professor of Medicine
Case Western Reserve University; Physician, Medicine-Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH
Michael German MD
Associate Professor
Hormone Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA
Marvin C. Gershengorn MD, PhD
Scientific Director
National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
Soumitra Ghosh MD, PhD
Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Milwaukee, WI
Lisa K. Gilliam MD, PhD
Senior Fellow
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
Luigi Gnudi MD, PhD
Consultant
Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Guy’s and St. Thomas Hospital; Senior Lecturer, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, King’s College, London, United Kingdom
Marc L. Goalstone PhD
Research Service
Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO
Barry J. Goldstein MD, PhD
Director
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism; Professor, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
Olga Göransson MS
Section for Molecular Signaling, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Daryl K. Granner MD
Professor
Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University; Director, Vanderbilt Diabetes Center, Nashville, TN
Dale L. Greiner PhD
Professor
Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
Gabriella Gruden MD, PhD
Research Associate
Internal Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Angelika C. Gruessner MD, PhD
Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
Rainer W. G. Gruessner MD
Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Fairview-University Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN
Joel F. Habener MD
Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School; Chief, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
Jeffrey B. Halter MD
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
Richard F. Hamman MD, DrPH
Professor and Chair
Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO
Barbara C. Hansen PhD
Obesity and Diabetes Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
Anandwardhan A. Hardikar PhD
National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
Jamie Susan Harmon PhD
Staff Scientist
Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA
Linda Härndahl
Section for Molecular Signaling, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Maureen I. Harris PhD, MPH
Director
National Diabetes Data Group, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
Leonard C. Harrison MD, DSc
Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Martin Hessner PhD
Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
Boaz Hirshberg MD
Senior Research Fellow
Transplantation and Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
Susanna Hofmann MD
Research Associate
Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
Edward S. Horton MD
Section Head, Clinical Research
Joslin Diabetes Center; Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
Gökhan S. Hotamisligil MD, PhD
Professor and Chair
Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
Ole Hother-Nielsen MD, DSc
Associate Professor
Department of Endocrinology; Chief Physician, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
June Chunqiu Hou MD
Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY
Khaled Houamed PhD
Departments of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
Barbara V. Howard PhD
President
MedStar Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD
Stanley H. Hsia MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science; Attending Staff, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Martin Luther King Jr./Charles R. Drew Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
Milagros G. Huerta MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
Christopher Hug MD, PhD
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, Division of Respiratory Diseases, Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
Rebecca L. Hull PhD
Senior Research Fellow
Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
Alexandra L. Jenkins BSc, RD, CDE
Research Associate
Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
David J.A. Jenkins MD, PhD, DSc
Director
Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael’s Hospital; Professor, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Michael D. Jensen MD
Professor of Medicine
Department of Endocrinology, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN
Guoqiang Jiang PhD
Research Fellow
Merck & Co., Rahway, NJ
Hee-Sook Jun PhD
Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Barbara B. Kahn MD
Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School; Chief, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA
C. Ronald Kahn MD
Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
Steven E. Kahn MB, ChB
Professor
Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington; Associate Chief of Staff, Veterans Administration Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
Thomas W. H. Kay MD
St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
David E. Kelley MD
Professor of Medicine, Endocrinology Fellow
Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Daniel M. Kemp PhD
Research Fellow
Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Research Associate, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
Cyril W. C. Kendall PhD
Research Scientist
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Norma S. Kenyon PhD
Professor
Surgery, Medicine, Microbiology, & Immunology, University of Miami, Miami, FL
Lajwanti S. Khemlani PhD
Global Clinical Research and Medical Affairs, Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, East Hanover, NJ
Timothy J. Kieffer PhD
Associate Professor
Departments of Physiology and Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
William C. Knowler MD, DrPH
Chief
Diabetes and Arthritis Epidemiology Section, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
Robert A. Kreisberg MD
Vice-President for Medical Affairs, Dean
College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL
Anjli Kukreja PhD
Department of Pediatrics, Cornell Juvenile Diabetes Program, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
P. Kumar MD
SUNY Downstate, Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn VA Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
Jonathan R. T. Lakey PhD
Assistant Professor
Department of Surgery, University of Alberta; Director, Clinical Islet Isolation Laboratory, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Tova Rahn Landström PhD
Section for Molecular Signaling, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Jack L. Leahy MD
Professor
Department of Medicine; Chief, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
Harold E. Lebovitz MD
Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Health Science Center, Brooklyn, NY
Åke Lernmark PhD
Professor of Medicine
University of Washington, Seattle, WA
Robert S. Lindsay MB, PhD
Senior Scientist
MedStar Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD
Hanguan Liu MD, PhD
Section on Biochemical Physiology, Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
Harvey F. Lodish PhD
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
Constantine Londos DDS, PhD
Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
William L. Lowe Jr. MD
Professor
Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Associate Chair for Research Medicine, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL
Noel K. Maclaren MD
Department of Pediatrics, Cornell Juvenile Diabetes Program, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
Vincent Manganiello MD, PhD
Chief
Section on Biochemical Physiology, Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
Jennifer B. Marks MD
Associate Professor of Medicine—University of Miami, Chief
Section on Endocrinology Diabetes & Metabolism—Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Diabetes Research Institute, Miami, FL
Silvia Masciarelli
Section on Biochemical Physiology, Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
S. Michael Mauer MD
Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
S. I. McFarlane MD, FACP
Director, Fellowship Program
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension; Associate Professor of Medicine, State University of New York–Downstate, Brooklyn, NY
Anahit Mehrabyan MD
Research Fellow
Strelitz Diabetes Research Institutes, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
Daniel H. Mintz MD
Professor of Medicine
Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
Menachem Miodovnik MD
Professor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY; Chair, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC
David E. Moller MD, PhD
Vice President
Merck & Co., Rahway, NJ
John P. Mordes MD, PhD
Professor
Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
Sunder Mudaliar MD
Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine; Staff Physician
Diabetes/Endocrine Section, Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, University of California, San Diego, CA
Mike Mueckler PhD
Professor
Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
R. Muniyappa MD, PhD
Clinical Assistant Instructor
Department of Medicine, SUNY–Downstate; Senior Fellow, Division of Endocrinology, UME and King’s County Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
Jerry L. Nadler MD
Kenneth R. Crispell Professor of Medicine; Chief
Division of Endocrinology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
David M. Nathan MD
Professor
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Director, Diabetes Center and General Clinical Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
Christopher B. Newgard PhD
Director
Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, W. David and Sarah W. Stedman Distinguished Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
Eric A. Newsholme MA, PhD, DSc
Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry and Fellow
Merton College, Oxford, United Kingdom
Richard M. O’Brien PhD
Associate Professor
Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN
Elif Arioglu Oral MD
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ann Arbor, MI
Jerry P. Palmer MD
Professor of Medicine
University of Washington; Director, Endocrinology, Veterans Administration, Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
Maureen D. Passaro MD
Director
MedStar Clinical Research Center; Washington Hospital Center, Washington DC
Breay W. Paty MD, FRCPC
Assistant Professor
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine; Endocrinologist, Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Oluf Pedersen MD, PhD
Professor of Molecular Diabetology; Chief Physician
Steno Diabetes Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
Jeffrey E. Pessin PhD
Chair
Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY
Louis H. Philipson MD, PhD
Professor
University of Chicago, Department of Medicine and the Committee on Molecular Medicine, Human Nutrition and Nutritional Biology, and Cell Physiology, Chicago, IL
Massimo Pietropaolo MD
Associate Professor
Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Antonello Pileggi MD
Research Assistant Professor of Surgery
Cell Transplant Center, Diabetic Research Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
Xavier Pi-Sunyer MD
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY
Gary L. Pittenger PhD
Associate Professor
Strelitz Diabetes Institutes, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
Vincent Poitout DVM, PhD
Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA
Melvin J. Prince MD
Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
Alexander Rabinovitch MD, FRCP
Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Robert E. Ratner MD
Professor of Medicine
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Georgetown University School of Medicine; Staff Endocrinologist, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC
Gerald M. Reaven MD
Professor of Medicine
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
Marc L. Reitman MD, PhD
Director
Metabolic Disorders, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ
Helaine E. Resnick PhD
Director
Department of Epidemiology, MedStar Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD
Christopher J. Rhodes PhD
Professor of Pharmacology (Affiliated), Associate Scientific Director
Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
Camillo Ricordi MD
Professor
Department of Surgery and Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
Peter J. Roach MD
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
R. Paul Robertson MD
President and Scientific Director
Pacific Northwest Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
Michael William Roe PhD
Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
Barak M. Rosenn MD
Associate Professor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Director of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, St. Luke’s Hospital Center, New York, NY
Luciano Rossetti MD
Professor of Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Director
Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
Aldo A. Rossini MD
Professor
Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
Richard A. Roth PhD
Professor
Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
Liangyou Rui
Department of Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
Markus Rupp MD
Bayer AG, Business Group Pharma, Cardiovascular Risk Products, Wuppertal, Germany
Edmond A. Ryan MD
Professor
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Medical Director, Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Mona M. Sabra MD
Fellow
Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Fellow, University of Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, MD
Alan R. Saltiel PhD
Life Sciences Institute, Department of Internal Medicine and Physiology, Ann Arbor, MI
David S. Schade MD
Professor and Chief
Department of Medicine/Endocrinology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
Clay F. Semenkovich MD
Professor of Medicine and Cell Biology and Physiology
Washington University; Chief, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO
David V. Serreze PhD
Staff Scientist
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME
A. M. James Shapiro MD, PhD
Associate Professor
Department of Surgery; Director, Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Geoffrey W. G. Sharp MD, DSc
Professor
Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
Peter R. Shepherd PhD
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
Elizabeth Shinkman
Department of Epidemiology, MedStar Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD
Alan R. Shuldiner MD
Professor of Medicine and Physiology, and Head
Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Director, Joslin Diabetes Center, University of Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, MD
Kristi D. Silver MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
University of Maryland School of Medicine; Associate Director, Joslin Diabetes Center, University of Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, MD
Monica C. Skarulis MD
Diabetes Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
Alexander V. Skurat PhD
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
Jay S. Skyler MD
Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics, & Psychology, Director
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism—University of Miami, Diabetes Research Institute, Miami, FL
Mark W. Sleeman PhD
Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
J. R. Sowers MD
Professor of Medicine
Cell Biology and Biochemistry, State University of New York; Director, Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, UHB and Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
Mark A. Sperling MD
Professor and Chair Emeritus
Department of Pediatrics/Endocrinology, University of Pittsburgh; Professor, Department of Pediatrics/Endocrinology, Childrens Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Daniel T. Stein
Diabetes Research Center, Divisions of Geriatrics and Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
Lena Stenson Holst PhD
Section for Molecular Signaling, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Jeanne H. Steppel MD
Clinical Research Fellow
Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
Naftali Stern MD
Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
Susanne G. Straub PhD
Senior Research Associate
Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
David E.R. Sutherland MD, PhD
Professor
Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota; Staff Surgeon, Fairview-University Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN
Yoshito Tanaka MD
Postdoctoral Fellow
Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA
P. Antonio Tataranni MD
Head
Obesity, Diabetes and Energy Metabolism Unit; Director, Clinical Research Unit; Clinical Diabetes and Nutrition Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
Simeon I. Taylor MD, PhD
Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ
Svetlana Ten MD
Department of Pediatrics, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
Frederico G. S. Toledo MD
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Phuong Oanh Tran PhD
Staff Scientist
Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA
Massimo Trucco MD
Professor
Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Hillman Professor of Pediatric Immunology, Division of Immunogenetics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Tsu-Shuen Tsao
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA
Michael L. Tuck MD
Chief
Endocrinology; Professor of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, VA Medical Center, Sepulveda, Sepulveda, CA
Roger H. Unger MD
Professor of Internal Medicine; Director
Touchstone Center for Diabetes Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, VA North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas, TX
Gregg W. Van Citters PhD
Research Fellow
Division of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA
GianCarlo Viberti MD, FRCP
Professor of Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine
Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Internal Medicine, OKT School of Medicine-Kings College; Consultant Physician, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital Trust, London, United Kingdom
Aaron I. Vinik MD, PhD
Department of Internal Medicine, Strelitz Diabetes Research Institutes, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
Xujing Wang PhD
Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Milwaukee, WI
Gordon C. Weir MD
Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School; Head, Section on Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
Efrat Wertheimer MD, PhD
Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Morris F. White PhD
Associate Professor of Biological Chemistry
Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School; Associate Investigator, Cell and Molecular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
Ji-Won Yoon PhD
Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Bei B. Zhang PhD
Director
Merck & Co., Rahway, NJ
Yehiel Zick PhD
Professor
Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel