D

	Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Textbook 2nd Edition
	© 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

D

D23129 See Retigabine

D-glyceric acidemia

D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

D-serine, NMDA and

Daily living, guidelines for

risks at home

risks at school

risks at work

during sports

traveling

DALY (Disability Adjusted Life Years)

Global Burden of Disease study and

global burden of epilepsy and

Danazol, interactions

Dandy-Walker malformation

Danish Military Draft Board Intelligence Test

Data analysis

clinical trials

computer-assisted

handling seizure data

last-observation-carried-forward (LOCF) approach

of long-term monitoring data

study design and

seizure clusters and

standard measures in

Data archiving

Data collection

computer-assisted

family histories

handling seizure data

protocols for

Data storage

Date rape drugs

Datura stramonium (jimsonweed)

David Lewis Center

Davis, Hallowell

Day blindness

Daydreaming

Daytime alertness

Daytime sleepiness

See also Fatigue

DBA/2 mouse strain

DCX-associated lissencephaly

DCX mutations

De Morsier syndrome

See also Septo-optic dysplasia

De novo absence status epilepticus of late onset

Deblurring, definition

Decision to treat

after first seizure

age of patients and

antiepileptic drugs

communication with patients

decision-making process

drug-related risks and

in neonates

patient environment and

physician-patient communication and

P.I-15

risks related to seizures

seizure frequency and

seizure types and

timing of seizures and

treatment consequences and

and watchful waiting

Deep brain stimulation (DBS)

description

outcomes

responsive neurostimulation

seizure control and

Defecation, seizures induced by

Defensive aggression

Degenerative diseases, seizures in

Dehydroepiandrosterone

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS)

Deinstitutionalization trends

Déjà-vu, differential diagnosis

Deletion 1p36 syndrome

Deletion 4p (Wolf-Hirschhorn) syndrome

1p36 deletion syndrome

genetics of

10p deletion syndrome

hypoparathyroidism and

Deliberate simulation of unconsciousness

Delirium tremens

See also Alcohol withdrawal

Delta waves

Delusions

definitions

psychoses and

Dementia praecox of Kraepelin

Dementias

DEND syndrome

Dendrites

atrophied

development of

plasticity of spines

voltage-gated ion channels on

Dendrotoxin

cellular actions of

potassium channel function and

potassium ion channels and

Denervation hypersensitivity

Denmark, views of epilepsy

Dental procedures

Dentate gate, description

Dentate granule cells (DGCs)

Dentate gyrus (DG)

after seizures

calcium-binding proteins

cell loss

GABA_B receptors in

hippocampal formation and

inhibition of

local circuits in

neuropeptides

normal state

Dentate nucleus

Dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA)

See also Haw river syndrome

Deoxycorticosterone

Depersonalization

Depo-Provera (medroxyprogesterone)

Depo-Testosterone

Depression

anxiety disorders and

assessment of

in children

cyclic progesterone therapy and

definitions of

following surgery

genetic predisposition and

health care costs and

health-related quality of life and

hippocampal sclerosis and

as iatrogenic process

ictal

impact of seizure control on

long-term

expression mechanisms

induction mechanisms

at mossy fiber synapses

migraine and

outcomes of surgery

paired-pulse mechanisms

in people with epilepsy

atypical expression of

bidirectional relationships

concurrent psychiatric symptoms

neuroimaging studies

pathogenic mechanisms

suicidality and

treatment

pharmacotherapy

postoperative

psychosocial causes of

quality of life and

seizure focus and

seizures and

sexual dysfunction and

in surgical candidates

syncope in

temporal lobe changes

treatment of

vigabatrin therapy and

Depth electrodes

accuracy

advantages

construction

cost

insertion

interpretation

background readings

ictal activity

interictal activity

limitations

recording with

risks

yield

Derealization

Dermato-neuro syndrome

Dermatologic reactions

See also Cutaneous reactions; Skin

Desflurane

Desmethyldiazepam

Desmoplastic ganglioglioma (DIG)

Desmopressin, seizures and

Developed countries

burden of disease

complementary and alternative medical therapies

epilepsy management

incidence of epilepsy

prevalence of epilepsy

remission rates

seizure control

Developing countries See also Resource-poor countries

antiepileptic drugs in

barriers to care

burden of disease

complementary and alternative medical therapies

description of

epidemiology in

epilepsy in

diagnosis

etiology

incidence

incidence-prevalence gap

patterns of

prevalence of

prognosis

remission rates

risk factors

seizure control

treatment gaps

treatment of

health care in

Development

behavioral disorders

critical periods

developmental tasks

early-onset epilepsies and

epilepsy and

hemispheric specialization

left hemisphere pathology and

of motor responses

neuropsychological assessment

right hemispheric pathology

sexual hormones and

Developmental abnormalities (DAs)

Developmental Behavior Checklist

Developmental delay

AED exposure and

childhood epilepsy and

infantile spasms and

in offspring of epileptic mothers

prenatal valproic acid and

in severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy

Developmental delay, muscle weakness, and epilepsy

Developmental disorders, epilepsy-associated

Developmental dysphasia

Dexamethasone

Dexoxyphenobarbitone (primidone)

Diabetes mellitus

See also Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemia

Diagnosis See also specific syndromes; specific technologies

clinical data in

laboratory tests

levels of

methodology

proposed scheme

Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS)

for Children (DISC)

Diagnostic interviews

Diagnostic Recognition of Genetic Disease

Diagnostic schema

Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome

clinical description

convulsions and

diagnostic evaluation

general findings

treatment

Dialysis encephalopathy syndrome

clinical characterization

clinical description

diagnostic evaluation

general findings

treatment

Diamox See Acetazolamide

Diazepam (DZP)

adverse effects

animal studies

clinical use of

dosing recommendations

efficacy

in acute metabolic crises

in chronic treatment

in complex partial status epilepticus

for CSWS

in eclampsia

in exaggerated startle

in febrile seizures

in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome

in neonatal seizures

formulations

indications

as initial therapy

injectable

metabolism of

motor thresholds and

in neonates

oral

pharmacokinetics

absorption

elimination

intramuscular absorption

metabolism

plasma protein binding

prehospital administration

rectal

absorption

administration

in children with CP and epilepsy

febrile seizure prevention by

P.I-16

in febrile seizures

in febrile status epilepticus

home therapy

in severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy

structure

transcranial magnetic stimulation and

Diazoxide

Dichloroacetate

Diencephalon, cross-section of

Dietary restriction See also Ketogenic diets; Nutrition

clinical dietary trials

hypoglycemia and

in metabolic disorders

Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act (DSHEA)

Dietary supplementation

calcium

calcium supplementation

complementary and alternative medical (CAM) therapies

creatine supplementation

definition

in epilepsy

folate

Food and Drug Administration on

vitamin B₁₂

vitamin D

vitamin K

Differential diagnoses

Differential interference contrast (DIC) imaging

Diffuse hemispheric epilepsies

Diffuse heterotopia

Diffusion imaging

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)

applications in epilepsy

computational anatomy and

fornix integrity

preoperative

probablistic tractography and

structural brain imaging

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)

DiGeorge syndrome See Velocardiofacial syndrome

Digit Symbol Test

Digoxin

metabolism of

provoked seizures and

topiramate and

10,11-dihydro-10-oxo-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine-5-carboxamide See Oxcarbazepine (OXC, Trileptal, Timox, Tolep)

Dihydropyridines

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency

Dilantin See Phenytoin

Diltiazeam, interactions

Dimethadone (DMO)

calcium ion channels and

mechanism of action

pharmacokinetics

pharmacology

structure

Diople patch models

Diopole source modeling

Dioscurides

Diphenylhydantoin See Phenytoin

Diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) vaccine

Dipole localization methods (DLMs)

Dipole source modeling

Dipstick antigen-capture assay

Disabled-1 gene mutation

DISAKIDS

Disclosure, stigma of epilepsy and

Discrimination

See also Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA); Stigma

Diseases, terminology

Diseases That Deprive Man of His Reason (Paracelsus)

Disinhibition, epilepsy and

Disopyramide

Disorders, terminology

Disorders of arousal

Disorders of cortical development (DCD)

epilepsy caused by

hippocampal atrophy in

location-related epilepsies and

prognosis

surgery for

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Dissociation, measurement of

Dissociative amnesia

Dissociative disorders

classification of

compartmentalization

contemporary views of

compartmentalization

as defense mechanism

detachment

differential diagnosis

dissociative events and

epilepsy and

historical aspects

nonepileptic seizures and

psychogenic nonepiletic seizures and

treatment of

hypnotherapy

pharmacotherapy

psychotherapy

Dissociative identity disorder

Distal phalangeal hypoplasia

Disulfiram

Diuretic-induced acute hyponutremia

Diuretics, protective effects of

Divalproex (Divalproex ER)

See also Valproate

Dlx gene knockout models

DNA

proofreading

replication

DNA, mitochondrial

mutations in

DNA, nuclear

DNA, single-stranded

DNA microarrays

Documentation, importance of

Dodrill battery

Dog models of epilepsy

Dolichol phosphate mannose synthase (DPM1)

Doose syndrome

See also Myoclonic astatic epilepsy

Dopaminergic therapy

Dorsal lateral geniculate

Dorsal midbrain anticonvulsant zone (DMAZ)

Dorsal thalamus

Double bouquet cells

Double cortex syndrome

Doublecortin (DCX) gene, X-linked

Down syndrome (trisomy 21) See also Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)

diagnostic evaluation

infantile spasms and

intellectual disability and

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and

startle epilepsy in

Dravet syndrome See also Severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (SMEI)

age of onset

antiepileptic drugs in

classification issues

clinical features

clobazam in

febrile seizures and

genetics of

multifocal seizures and

myoclonus in

SCN1A gene mutations in

sodium channel mutations in

topiramate in

visual sensitivity in

Dream disturbances

See also Nightmares

DREAM transcription factor

Dreifuss concept

Driver licensing

Driving

antiepileptic drugs and

legal restrictions on

in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures

seizure-free intervals and

seizure-related crashes

Drooling, nocturnal attacks with

Drop attacks See also Syncope

cerebrovascular disease and

corpus callostomy in

description

in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome

mimicking seizures

myoclonic seizures with

possible etiologies

psychogenic nonepileptic seizures as

reflex

as seizure mimic

syncope and

Drosophila melanogaster models

Drownings

Drowsiness

See also Daytime sleepiness

Drug abuse

CNS infection and

provoked seizures and

recreational drug categories

seizures and

withdrawal seizures

Drug banks

Drug delivery, focal

Drug design

bioinformatics and

cheminformatics and

of curative AEDs

genomics and

high throughput screening

optimization of pharmacodynamics

prodrugs versus bioprecursors

proteomics and

prototype drugs

quantitative structure-activity relationship studies

rational polypharmacy

Drug development

advocacy strategies

stages of

Drug interactions See also Pharmacodynamic interactions; specific drugs

add-on therapy and

antiepileptic drugs

cardiac medications and

chemotherapy and

neurotoxicity and

in transplant patients

Drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs)

Drug potency, definition

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)

Drug resistance

in epilepsy

kindling, genetics and

mechanisms of

rapid development of

transport hypothesis

Drug-resistant epilepsy

Drug response phenoytpes

Drug therapy See Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs); specific drugs

Drug toxicity

Drug transport

Drug transporter genes

Drug withdrawal See also specific drugs

acute symptomatic seizures and

seizure activation and

Drugs of abuse, seizures and

Du Bois-Raymond, E.

Ducky gene, function

Duodenal electromyogram

Dupuytren contractures

Dysarthria, description

Dyscognitive, definition

Dyscognitive focal status epilepticus

Dyscognitive seizures

Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNETs)

behavior of

epilepsy and

histology

lesionectomy for

MRI findings

P.I-17

neocortical resection for

surgical interventions

temporal lobe

Dyskinesias

in children

episodic

exertional

kinesigenic

nonkinesigenic

paroxysmal

Dysmnesias, limbic seizures and

Dysmorphic features

Dysphasia, in migraine

Dysphoric disorder

Dysplasias

bottom of the sulcus

children with

cortical

hemispherectomy

mesial temporal

Dyspnea, panic attacks and

Dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonia See Myoclonus epilepsy with ragged red fibers (MERRF)

Dysthymic-like disorder of epilepsy (DLDE)

Dystonic myoclonus

Dystonic seizures

Dystroglycan